Cyber-vakantielectuur: 2 #mustread boeken over impact van desinformatie en fake news, de wondere wereld van factchecking

Vakantie is de ideale tijd om even bij te lezen… dus ik heb van de gelegenheid gebruik gemaakt om 2 nieuwe, versgepubliceerde boeken onder handen te nemen. 1 boek van onderzoeksjournalist Tim Verheyden en een boek van fact-checker Maarten Schenk.

Beide gaan over desinformatie en fake news…een vakgebied dat op ‘t eerste zicht niks te maken heeft met privacy, data protection of cybersecurity…

Hoewel het minder relevant is voor cyber-security, is het na 2 jaar corona-pandemie anders wel heel erg duidelijk hoe desinformatie en manipulatie van de publieke opinie een belangrijke rol heeft gespeeld in het verloop van de pandemie…

Maar als je even wat verder kijkt en beseft dat recente wereldconflicten en grote politieke evenementen tegenwoordig allemaal vooraf gegaan worden door grote cyberaanvallen en massieve internet-propaganda campagnes, wordt het snel duidelijk dat desinformatie en fake news daar integraal een onderdeel van zijn.

Maar desinformatie is geen recent fenomeen. Dat is in de voorgaande wereld-oorlogen ook steeds toegepast of zelfs in recente oorlogsgeschiedenis,… kijk maar waar zogezegde atoomdreiging in het Midden-Oosten toe geleid heeft…


Alleen, door internet zijn de proporties en de mogelijkheden enorm toegenomen om beïnvloeding en manipulatie toe te passen.
En het feit dat we zowat alles vanop afstand regelen, en nauwelijks nog direct contact met mekaar hebben… (en zeker niet tijdens corona), maakt desinformatie alleen maar makkelijker.

En dit heeft een grote impact op respect voor mekaar, begrip voor mekaar, tolerantie, rekenschap/aansprakelijkheid, vrijheid van spreken, … heel wat grenzen vervagen.

En dat is wat de boeken van Tim Verheyden en Maarten Schenk mooi uit de doeken doen, op een goed leesbare manier. (Maar ik garandeer je dat je op ‘t einde met een hoop nieuwe vragen achter blijft…)

2 boeken

Het is erg nuttig om beide boeken na elkaar te lezen…

Start eerst met het boek van Tim Verheyden: “Het had waar kunnen zijn”.

De reden is simpel, op het einde van zijn boek verwijst Tim naar het tweede boek: “De fake news files” van Maarten Schenk (Subtitel : “De onthullingen van een bullshit detective“).

Beide boeken bespreken een heel aantal real-life cases en verwijzen naar een shitload van andere lectuur, boeken, papers, websites en ander referentie materiaal. Het boek van Tim Verheyden vermeldt niet duidelijk de bronnen.
Dat is erg jammer, want het is vaak erg handig om eens te gaan kijken naar de inhoud en de kernpunten van het verhaal.

[Dit is alvast een oproep aan Tim Verheyden om, net zoals Maarten Schenk, een bronnenlijst te publiceren, zodat je zelf wat verder op zoek kan gaan naar de achtergrond van hun verhalen.

Tim is een uitstekende onderzoeksjournalist, dus die lijst heeft ie al. Daar ben ik zeker van.]

“Het had waar kunnen zijn”

Tim Verheyden toont aan, met ondersteuning van een aantal experts zoals Nathalie Van Raemdonck, Siri Beerends, Rien Emmery, Maarten Schenk, … hoe erg desinformatie en fake news ons dagelijks leven beïnvloedt.

Het pakt echt bij de adem als je erbij stilstaat hoe ver het gaat.
Maar vergis je niet, zoals ik al eerder zei, dit is geen recent probleem. Desinformatie, propaganda en fake news is zo oud als de mensheid. Dus het is erg moeilijk uit te roeien, net zoals roddels is het een onderdeel van menselijk gedrag.

Het is door internet en de overvloed van informatie, alleen maar moeilijker geworden om feiten en fictie uit elkaar te houden.

De conclusie van Tim is duidelijk, we moeten back to the basics van persoonlijke communicatie, zeker na de corona periode.

“Durf bullshit te benoemen, meer dan ooit. Maar laten we vooral weer met elkaar praten”

(Tim Verheyden)

Bovendien zijn we de laatste decennia heel erg gewoon geraakt aan een stabiele, bijna risicoloze wereld. En Corona en de Russisch-Oekrainse oorlog heeft dat beeld ernstig verstoord.

“De fake news files”

Terwijl Tim Verheyden als onderzoeksjournalist, desinformatie, fake news en propaganda eerder bekijkt vanuit het recente wereldnieuws, bekijkt Maarten Schenk het onderwerp eerder vanuit een technische hoek.

Dit is op het eerste zicht een totaal andere aanpak… Maar het wordt snel duidelijk dat de 2 boeken heel erg op elkaar aansluiten. En het boek van Maarten Schenk brengt heel wat verheldering op het boek van Tim Verheyden.

Daarnaast verwijzen ze allebei naar herkenbare verhalen, die we allemaal wel al ergens in ‘t nieuws gezien hebben, of op internet of op social media…

Maarten maakt duidelijk dat voor heel wat mensen de desinformatie een essentieel onderdeel van hun identiteit geworden is en dat elk redelijke discussie of bewijsmateriaal van het tegendeel dan onmogelijk is omdat het een persoonlijke belediging wordt, die op hun persoon gericht is.

Maar deze gedachtengang kan, net zoals het corona virus, erg aanstekelijk zijn… En je kan door continue factchecking wel een soort vaccinatie opzetten, die de impact besmetting kan indammen… maar het is werk van lange adem.

En je moet er continue aan blijven werken want er komen elke dag nieuwe fabeltjes bij.

Extra info – Het had waar kunnen zijn (Tim Verheyden)

Frances Haugen

Frances Haugen (Facebook klokkenluidster)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Haugen

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/oct/24/frances-haugen-i-never-wanted-to-be-a-whistleblower-but-lives-were-in-danger

https://time.com/6121931/frances-haugen-facebook-whistleblower-profile/

Haar website: https://www.franceshaugen.com/

Frances Haugen on Twitter: https://twitter.com/franceshaugen?lang=en

Arjen Luback – De fabeltjesfuik

Siri Beerends

https://www.siribeerends.nl/

Research: https://www.siribeerends.nl/research/

SETUP Media Lab: https://www.setup.nl/

World Economic Forum (WEF) – The Great Reset

https://www.weforum.org/great-reset

Extra info – De Fake News Files (Maarten Schenk)

Leadstories

Just Because It’s Trending Doesn’t Mean It’s True — Fact checking at the speed of likes since 2015

https://leadstories.com/

Trendolizer

https://www.trendolizer.com/

Referenties & bronnen

Maarten Schenk heeft de meeste van zijn bronnen en referenties uit het boek verzameld op onderstaande link, wat het erg handig maakt om dit verder door te nemen…

https://leadstories.com/de-fake-news-files.html

Boek referenties

Als je de boeken zelf in je kast of eLibrary will hebben, dan vind je hieronder de nodige informatie.

(Ter info, ik heb beide paperbacks hier in de kast staan, moest je ze even willen uitlenen… laat me iets weten.)

“Het had waar kunnen zijn” (1 jun 2022), uitgeverij Pelckmans

e-book (ISBN 978-94-6401-659-8, €14,99): https://www.pelckmansuitgevers.be/het-had-waar-kunnen-zijn-e-book.html

Paperback (ISBN 978-94-6401-609-3, €22,50): https://www.pelckmansuitgevers.be/het-had-waar-kunnen-zijn.html

De Fake News Files (22 mar 2022), uitgeverij Lannoo

Paperback: (ISBN 978-94-0147-686-7, €22,99): https://www.lannoo.be/nl/de-fake-news-files.

E-book (ISBN 978-94-0148-391-9, €12,99): https://www.ebook.nl/ebook/9789401483919-de-fake-news-files-maarten-schenk/

Andere interessante referenties

(deze referenties kunnen in de toekomst nog verder bijgewerkt worden, of er kan nog bijkomende info toegevoegd worden na de initiele publicatie…)

VRT – Boek bespreking door Jef Cauwenberghs

https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/06/09/zes-inzichten-desinformatie-tim-verheyde/

Zelf verder zoeken! Meer weten?

Online

Tim Verheyden

Blog met heel wat interessante artikels: https://timverheyden.com/blog

Nathalie Van Raemdonck

LinkedIN: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathalievraemdonck/

Twitter: https://twitter.com/eilah_tan

Website: https://nathalievanraemdonck.com/

Enkele van haar laatste presentaties:

https://eooh.eu/podcasts/he2rnyb04b5no6q6k1xbdpeiey0kd0-nf5e8-99npr-7jnyr

Rien Emmery (@ArbiterOfTweets)

Twitter

Website

https://muckrack.com/rien-emmery/articles

Boeken

On Bullshit (1986), Harry G. Frankfurt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Bullshit

And also

VRTNWS fact checks:

https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/rubrieken/desinformatie/check/

https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/06/28/de-checkers-2022/

De Checkers

https://decheckers.be/ : “Een non-profitorganisatie die het publieke debat wil voeden met feiten en nieuwsgeletterdheid stimuleren. deCheckers werkt samen met journalisten van Knack, VRT NWS en Factcheck.Vlaanderen.“

Note-to-self: CIS Software Supply Chain security guide

CIS (Center for Internet Security) has published an interesting guide on software supply chain security.

Even if you do not build software on your own, it still is useful to to pick the relevant security measures/controls as part of your information security management to protect yourself and your enterprise.

As we all learned from the log4j issue which impacted many generally used platforms, it has become very clear that you need to look beyond the first level of control (your own)…

It’s critical to manage 2nd (your suppliers) and even third level (suppliers of suppliers)

Highlights

In high level overview, the document discusses:

  1. Source code
    • Code changes
    • Repository management
    • Contribution access
    • Third party
    • Code risks
  2. Build pipelines
    • Build environment
    • Build worker
    • Pipeline instructions
  3. Dependencies
    1. Third party packages
    2. Validate packages
  4. Artifacts
    • Verification
    • Access to artifacts
    • Package registries
    • Origin traceability
  5. Deployment
    • Deployment configuration
    • Deployment environment

Supply chain guide access (need to register on CIS)

https://workbench.cisecurity.org/files/3972 (login needed, but it’s non-commercial, limited data protection risk)

More info:

Extra references

Software impacted by Log4j, see the NCSC Github / Software inventory: https://github.com/NCSC-NL/log4shell/tree/main/software

(if necessary this post will be updated with more interesting material, when applicable)

Note-to-self: PECB CLEH Collaterals

(page is updated on the go, if interesting information is collected …)

PECB

PECB CLEH info

https://pecb.com/en/education-and-certification-for-individuals/ethical-hacking

Exam preparation guides

Download Candidate’s Handbook (pecb.com)
Certified Lead Ethical Hacker Manuals – PECB Help Center (PECB X2Go Client)
Certified Lead Ethical Hacker Manuals – PECB Help Center (PECB CLEH Online Exam)
Certified Lead Ethical Hacker Manuals – PECB Help Center (CLEH Technical Requirements)

PECB X2Go client download (after login)

https://pecb.com/en/cleh

Note taking

CherryTree

https://www.giuspen.com/cherrytree/

http://giuspen.com/cherrytreemanual/

https://www.giuspen.com/cherrytree/#downl

Interesting references

Data breach reports

See: https://identityunderground.wordpress.com/interesting-links/useful-cybersecurity-data-protection-breach-reports/

Cybercrime costs

https://www.grantthornton.global/en/insights/articles/cyber-attacks-cost-global-business-over-$300bn-a-year/

ENISA threat landscape reports

Current (2021)
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisa-threat-landscape-2021

All reports
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/topics/threat-risk-management/threats-and-trends/enisa-threat-landscape/enisa-threat-landscape

Previous
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/topics/threat-risk-management/threats-and-trends/enisa-threat-landscape/enisa-threat-landscape-2020
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisa-threat-landscape-report-2018
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/enisa-news/enisa-report-the-2017-cyber-threat-landscape
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisa-threat-landscape-report-2016
https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/etl2015

ISO

https://ffwd2.me/FreeISO
>https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/

Freely accessible standards – online
https://www.iso.org/covid19

Free download (from: https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/)

ISO/IEC 27000:2018 EN – FR5thInformation technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabularyISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27

https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c073906_ISO_IEC_27000_2018_E.zip
https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c073906_ISO_IEC_27000_2018_F.zip

ISSAF (out-dated)

https://oissggroup.com/

Lockheed Martin – Cyber Kill chain

https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/capabilities/cyber/cyber-kill-chain.html

Mitre

Att&ck

https://attack.mitre.org/

Engage

https://engage.mitre.org/

CVE

https://cve.mitre.org/

NIST

NIST-SP 500-291, NIST Cloud Computing Standards Roadmap

https://www.nist.gov/publications/nist-sp-500-291-nist-cloud-computing-standards-roadmap

NIST SP800 series

https://www.nist.gov/itl/publications-0/nist-special-publication-800-series-general-information

SP 800-41 Rev. 1: Guidelines on Firewalls and Firewall Policy
https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-41/rev-1/final

SP 800-82 Rev. 2

Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security

https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-82/rev-2/final

CSF

https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework

OWASP

https://owasp.org/

https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/

https://owasp.org/www-project-mobile-security-testing-guide/

OSSTMM

https://www.isecom.org/

Click to access OSSTMM.3.pdf

PTES (out of date)

http://www.pentest-standard.org/index.php/Main_Page

http://www.pentest-standard.org/index.php/PTES_Technical_Guidelines

Unified Kill chain

V 2022-05-18

https://www.unifiedkillchain.com/

OSI Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model

TCP/IP Port numbers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers

SANS/GIAC

Wired Equivalent Privacy Vulnerability – GIAC
https://www.giac.org/paper/gsec/624/wired-equivalent-privacy-vulnerability/101399

HTML error codes

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status

The story of Error Code 418
https://www.berkeleysquares.co.uk/2021/06/html-response-code-418-why-youve-never-heard-of-it-and-never-will-again/
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-httpbis-semantics/

Security controls framework

https://www.securecontrolsframework.com/secure-controls-framework

https://github.com/securecontrolsframework/securecontrolsframework

Tips & tricks

Book

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/welcome/readme

OCSP

https://github.com/CountablyInfinite/oscp_cheatsheet

https://guide.offsecnewbie.com/cherrytree-oscp-template

https://github.com/devzspy/oscp-certification/tree/master/Note%20Taking%20Tools/CherryTree%20Template

Tools

Pentest wiki

Pentest Wiki: https://pentestwiki.org/

Haveibeenpwnd

https://haveibeenpwned.com/
https://haveibeenpwned.com/Passwords

OSINT

https://osintframework.com/

https://github.com/jivoi/awesome-osint

https://github.com/topics/osint-tools

https://www.osintessentials.com/maps

https://hackcontrol.org/OSINT/Maps.html

Phishing – open source

https://getgophish.com/

Metasploit

https://www.metasploit.com/
https://www.metasploit.com/get-started

https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/Nightly-Installers

Exploit DB

https://www.offensive-security.com/backtrack/offensive-security-exploit-archive-online/

https://www.exploit-db.com/

Google Dorking

https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database

Rubber ducky – USB Key logger

https://shop.hak5.org/products/usb-rubber-ducky-deluxe

https://infosecwriteups.com/make-usb-rubber-ducky-with-less-than-3-fa72dac9e4de

Hack mag – Rubber Ducky

Pen testing labs

Free labs

https://www.google.com/search?q=free+pentesting+labs
https://www.hackthebox.com/
https://www.hackthissite.org/
https://www.offensive-security.com/labs/
https://www.pentesterlab.com/exercises
https://www.vulnhub.com/
https://www.root-me.org/?lang=en
https://www.hacking-lab.com/events/

Various labs

Source: https://github.com/michelbernardods/labs-pentest

-> Academy Hackaflag -BR https://academy.hackaflag.com.br
-> Try Hack Me https://tryhackme.com
-> Attack-Defense https://attackdefense.com
-> alert to win https://alf.nu/alert1
-> CTF Komodo Security https://ctf.komodosec.com
-> CMD Challenge https://cmdchallenge.com
-> Explotation Education https://exploit.education
-> Google CTF https://capturetheflag.withgoogle.com
-> HackTheBox https://www.hackthebox.eu
-> Hackthis https://www.hackthis.co.uk
-> Hacksplaining https://www.hacksplaining.com/exercises
-> Hacker101 https://ctf.hacker101.com
-> Hacker Security https://capturetheflag.com.br
-> Hacking-Lab https://www.hacking-lab.com/index.html
-> HSTRIKE https://hstrike.com
-> ImmersiveLabs https://immersivelabs.com
-> Labs Wizard Security https://labs.wizard-security.net
-> NewbieContest https://www.newbiecontest.org
-> OverTheWire http://overthewire.org
-> Practical Pentest Labs https://practicalpentestlabs.com
-> Pentestlab https://pentesterlab.com
-> Penetration Testing Practice Labs http://www.amanhardikar.com/mindmaps/Practice.html
-> PentestIT LAB https://lab.pentestit.ru
-> PicoCTF https://picoctf.com
-> PWNABLE https://pwnable.kr/play.php
-> Root-Me https://www.root-me.org
-> Root in Jail http://ctf.rootinjail.com
-> Shellter https://shellterlabs.com/pt
-> SANS Challenger https://www.holidayhackchallenge.com
-> SmashTheStack http://smashthestack.org/wargames.html
-> Try Hack Me https://tryhackme.com
-> The Cryptopals Crypto Challenges https://cryptopals.com
-> Vulnhub https://www.vulnhub.com
-> W3Challs https://w3challs.com
-> WeChall http://www.wechall.net
-> Zenk-Security https://www.zenk-security.com/epreuves.php

You expect a phishing test… and then the real stuff kicks in… some quick tips to block evasion techniques

I see more and more phishing exercise fatigue kicking in at my customers…

But it’s more than ever required to be vigilant for new techniques that try to circumvent the typical URL blocking and the other protection layers you put in place.

You’re the best firewall.

What is going on?

You know, these companies that first announce a #phishing test…

which go unnoticed because they are caught by the 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐦 𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫…

And a few weeks later you get the 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐟𝐟 𝐢𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐛𝐨𝐱 from the same company.

With ridiculous worse quality than the actual test… but still its in the inbox ready to click (DON’T!).

You assume phase 2 of the phishing test…another round, right? (you think: “yeah, right, not me.”).

Because the new mail comes with ridiculous bad quality (⚠️1) than the actual test…

Nowadays you expect smart mails from these criminals…

But still it doesn’t feel OK …you start to realize that this might the real stuff…

Checking for some more phishing indicators (⚠️)

A mail with you in bcc…. (⚠️2)

Addressed to a very strange (New-Zealand) mail address (⚠️3)

with a PDF alike icon image embedded (⚠️4)

via a google drive link (⚠️5)….

SPOILER: I crippled the link mentioned in previous screenshot to avoid any accidents…

SPOILER 2: DO NOT, EVER CLICK these links…

Still, If you can’t control your curiosity, you might peek into the link via alternative methods (see later).

The display of unrelated content, with payment instructions (⚠️6), isn’t really what you would expect.

Because if you even dare to click the links you get another link (⚠️7)… and this time the browser malware detection (Smartscreen filtering) kicks in .. at last… so I’ll stop the curiosity here…

Why is this an issue?

The main issue here is: the phishing links are pointing to well-known (like Google drive, Microsoft OneDrive, Dropbox…) for hosting malware, which usually escape or bypass the malware URL detection…

Security tips

Rule nr 1: Don’t click links in unexpected mails

Curiosity kills the cat: Please withstand the urge to click the links to satisfy your curiosity….

If you don’t expect the mail, be very cautions, don’t click the links.

Control your curiosity: test the links in isolated mode

If you can’t control your curiosity, don’t ever click the links on your main computer.

But copy the link and open it

  • in a Windows sandbox
  • virtual machines or test machine… not your production machine
  • mobile device

Use Windows Sandbox

Since Windows 10 (Pro) you can use Windows Sandbox (free), that is a virtual, isolated environment. So you can test some interesting things without damaging your production host machine.

By stopping the Sandbox, the machine forgets all settings and returns to default state, pristine.

More info: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-sandbox/windows-sandbox-overview

Run a quarantined client in virtual machine

Use Microsoft Hyper-V (free) or Oracle Virtual box (free) and install a client OS in the virtual machine.
Snapshot the machine before the test, perform the test, return to snapshot to avoid any left overs of malware.

Run the link on a mobile phone

Less secure, but better than running malware on your most important machine, is running the link on a browser on your mobile device. There is lower risk of infection and less impact than loosing your primary working machine, although… be aware, there is still a small risk of infection even for smartphones…

Additional security measures

To permit some stupidity and protect against accidents, please make sure

  • to implement all the latest OS security updates, patch on a continuous basis
  • have an anti-malware and anti-virus that is updated continuously
  • keep the default OS security features enabled including local system firewall and malware detection
  • consider a paid antivirus subscription, it’s worth the money and keep it up to date every hour
  • get a mail protection against malware, tracking, phishing and ransomware (like Windows defender for 365) have regular backups (1 online and 1 offline) and test the restores
  • use cookie/tracking/advertisement blockers
  • use a DNS blackhole system to protect your network from accessing suspicious URLs (including tracking and phishing websites, advertisements, C&C Command and control malware domains, …)

You’re the best firewall

Don’t get caught.

Don’t be curious.

Suspect everything you don’t expect.

Don’t click the links.

And if you’re curious, keep it safe and secure.

Handige tip: snelle en volledige download van #BELAC auditor werkbestanden en documenten

(Update: 29/4/2022, link naar BELAC Management systeem)

Wanneer je als auditor voor BELAC (de Belgische Accreditatie-instantie) werkt, moet je gebruik maken van hun

  • richtlijnen
  • Procedures
  • juridische documenten & referentiestandaarden
  • aanwijzingen
  • beoordelingsrapporten
  • …

Deze worden allemaal (afzonderlijk) gepubliceerd op de website van BELAC onder de publicaties:

De meest recente updates vind je hier: https://economie.fgov.be/nl/themas/kwaliteit-veiligheid/accreditatie-belac/recent-gewijzigde-en-nieuwe

Er is jammer genoeg geen optie om alle bestanden in één keer te downloaden.

Informatie over het BELAC management systeem vindt je hier:

(NL) : https://economie.fgov.be/nl/themas/kwaliteit-veiligheid/accreditatie-belac/managementsysteem-van-belac

(FR): https://economie.fgov.be/fr/themes/qualite-securite/accreditation-belac/systeme-de-management-de-belac

(EN): https://economie.fgov.be/en/themes/quality-and-safety/accreditation-belac/management-system-belac

Download zelf de volledige collectie met Powershell

Om alle BELAC bestanden als collectie te downloaden kan je dit Powershell script gebruiken.

download BELAC docs.ps1Download

Om dit script te gebruiken, moet je de .txt extensie verwijderen (laat de .ps1 suffix staan).

Moest je geen Microsoft Windows gebruiken, dan kan je dit script ook op Linux draaien.
Meer info: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/install/installing-powershell-on-linux?view=powershell-7.2?WT.mc_id=ES-MVP-5002204

Full download zip (versie 2022-04-28)

Om het makkelijk te maken hier is de volledige download van 3 talen in zip formaat.

20220428_BELAC all languagesDownload

English version download zip (version 2022-04-28)

Download the EN version zip docs here:

20220428_BELAC_enDownload

Nederlandstalige download zip (version 2022-04-28)

Download de NL versie zip hier:

20220428_BELAC_nlDownload

Version francophone a télecharger(version 2022-04-28)

Version FR ici:

20220428_BELAC_frDownload

Versie beheer

2022-04-29: Update met BELAC mgmt systeem info

2022-04-28: Originele post

Note-to-self: Quick & full download of #BELAC auditor work files

(Latest update: 29 apr 2022, reference to BELAC Management system)

When working as auditor for BELAC (the Belgian Accreditation Body), you’ll need to use their

  • guidelines
  • procedures
  • legal documents & reference standards
  • instructions
  • assessment reports
  • …

These are all (separately) published on the BELAC website under the publications:

The most recent updates can be found here: https://economie.fgov.be/en/themes/quality-and-safety/accreditation-belac/recently-modified-and-new

But there is no option available to download the full set at once.

Information on the BELAC management system can be found here:

(NL) : https://economie.fgov.be/nl/themas/kwaliteit-veiligheid/accreditatie-belac/managementsysteem-van-belac

(FR): https://economie.fgov.be/fr/themes/qualite-securite/accreditation-belac/systeme-de-management-de-belac

(EN): https://economie.fgov.be/en/themes/quality-and-safety/accreditation-belac/management-system-belac

Download the full collection yourself – Powershell

Therefore you can use this Powershell script to get the most recent full collection of BELAC docs.

download BELAC docs.ps1Download

To execute the Powershell script, you need to remove the .txt extension (and leave the .ps1 suffix).

Even if you’re a Linux fan, you can run this script.
More info: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/install/installing-powershell-on-linux?view=powershell-7.2?WT.mc_id=ES-MVP-5002204

Full download zip (version 2022-04-28)

To make your life easy, here is the full download of 3 languages in zip.

20220428_BELAC all languagesDownload

English version download zip (version 2022-04-28)

Download the EN version zip docs here:

20220428_BELAC_enDownload

Dutch version download zip (version 2022-04-28)

Download the NL version zip docs here:

20220428_BELAC_nlDownload

French version download zip (version 2022-04-28)

Download the FR version zip docs here:

20220428_BELAC_frDownload

Versioning

2022-04-29: Updated with BELAC mgmt system info

2022-04-28: Original post

Note-to-self: #DPIA for cloud – reference material (focus on #Microsoft cloud)

In interesting set of reference material, that is regularly coming back in data protection, cybersecurity and information security discussions I lately had with peers and colleagues.
May you can use it too…

Feel free to provide some feedback yourself, if you know additional pointers I should add.

You know where to find me.

Change history

2022-04-27 14:00: Added EDPB announcement to references section

Governmental DPIAs

Netherlands

2018-12-06: DPIA on Microsoft Office 2016 & 365

https://iapp.org/news/a/dutch-government-commissioned-dpia-on-microsoft-office-pro-plus/

Direct download of PDF:

Click to access DPIA+Microsoft+Office+2016+and+365+-+20191105.pdf

2022-02-22: DPIA on Microsoft Office 365

https://www.dataguidance.com/news/netherlands-dutch-government-publishes-dpia-microsoft

Press release by Dutch Government:

2022-02-21 https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/publicaties/2022/02/21/public-dpia-teams-onedrive-sharepoint-and-azure-ad

Publication of DPIA by Dutch Government

2022-02-21 : https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/publicaties/2022/02/21/public-dpia-teams-onedrive-sharepoint-and-azure-ad

Source: Beltug news https://www.beltug.be/news/7430/Dutch_government_publishes_DPIA_and_DTIA_for_Microsoft/

2022-02: The Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security requested an analysis of US legislation in relation to the GDPR and Schrems II by GreenburgTraurig.

Switzerland

In a recent article (In French) by ICT journal, the Canton of Zurich published a

https://www.ictjournal.ch/articles/2022-04-26/comment-le-canton-de-zurich-a-estime-le-risque-de-passer-sur-le-cloud-de

Research

Researchgate

Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) for Cloud-Based Health Organizations

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349882283_Data_Protection_Impact_Assessment_DPIA_for_Cloud-Based_Health_Organizations

Guidelines

CNIL

https://www.cnil.fr/en/tag/Privacy+Impact+Assessment+(PIA)

https://www.cnil.fr/en/guidelines-dpia

IAPP

https://iapp.org/news/a/guidance-for-a-cloud-migration-privacy-impact-assessment/

Templates

IAPP

https://iapp.org/resources/article/transfer-impact-assessment-templates/

Referring to:

IAPP Templates

Supplier references

Microsoft

Data Protection Impact Assessment for the GDPR

2021-11-17: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/compliance/regulatory/gdpr-data-protection-impact-assessments

Data Protection Impact Assessments: Guidance for Data Controllers Using Microsoft Professional Services

Part 1: Determining whether a DPIA is needed

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/compliance/regulatory/gdpr-dpia-prof-services?view=o365-worldwide#part-1–determining-whether-a-dpia-is-needed

Part 2: Contents of a DPIA

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/compliance/regulatory/gdpr-dpia-prof-services?view=o365-worldwide#part-2-contents-of-a-dpia

Download Customizable DPIA document

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=102398

(more to come, this article will be updated with additional references when necessary)

Other relevant references

EDPB (European Data Protection Board)

Launch of coordinated enforcement on use of cloud by public sector

https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2022/launch-coordinated-enforcement-use-cloud-public-sector_en

Note-to-self: free download of interesting guides for SME from DigitalSME.eu

Jean-Luc Allard pointed out to a #free#download of interesting guides for #SME on implementing the #informationsecurity basics we all need:

Freshly published: Essential controls for SMEs to protect user’s #privacy and data and ensure #GDPR compliance (based on new #ISO27002)
https://lnkd.in/epridtnY

Direct download of PDF: https://lnkd.in/en8rVMBY

And also: The #ISO27001 standard made easy for SMEs:
https://lnkd.in/eiaBbdmp
Direct PDF access: https://lnkd.in/eFR2yjp

And there is more on the website of European DIGITAL SME Alliance (website: https://www.digitalsme.eu/)

#smebusiness#smesupport#smallbusiness

Data Compliance: Get it right the first time

Below is a short overview of the #Hexnode webinar, presented 2022-04-07 about data compliance.

The webinar recording is published at the Hexnode website (and embedded below).
And the PDF version of the slide deck is published in full color and B/W print version on Slideshare, see links below.

PPT version available on request (send me a DM on LinkedIN).

Data is the new oil…

Whatever business you run…

.. it won’t run without data:

  • Business data
  • Management data
  • HR data
  • Technical data
  • Network data
  • Personal data (PII)
  • Communications
  • Mail data 
  • Financial data
  • Operational data
  • Intelligence
  • Intellectual Property (IP)
  • Ideas
  • …

Other businesses want your data as well…

There is a massive growth of digital business:

  • Direct marketing
  • Data brokers
  • Data Intelligence
  • Data analytics
  • Big data
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Machine learning
  • Health care, research & development
  • …

But also… the dark side wants your data.

And your data in the wrong hands.. is explosive.

Current state of crime

Company and user data, and personal data is an important target and leverage in cybercrime lik

  • Phishing
  • Ransomware
    • not only encryption
    • data leak extortion
  • Reconnaissance & Hacking
  • Data breaches 
  • Biometric data
  • Digital & Economical war
  • …

Now the question is… How do YOU get in control?

You can’t simply lock up your data… because data needs to flow. (You want to use it…)

Data management essentials to get grip

Ask yourself: how much €$ can you spend to protect your data? To answer that question, you’ll need to get grip of some basic data management principles, in relation to security:

  1. You can only protect what you know you have
  2. Without an owner there is no protection
  3. Nothing is stable, everything has a lifecycle
Data lifecycle

Data lifecycle

The start of the cycle is mostly

  • short,
  • easy to manage,
  • low security risk. (if the creation fails… you have no data to keep under control)

The end of the cycle is mostly

  • long, (there are various reasons why you need to keep the data for a while, eg in archive before you dispose of it..)
  • difficult to manage (if the process fails, it’s difficult to track or keep under control)
  • high security risk. (risk of losing ownership, risk of leakages, …)

What is risk?

Assets have

Vulnerabilities (weaknesses/properties) 

that can be exploited by 

Threats (activities)

with impact ($$ cost).

You need to balance the protection against the impact. You don’t want to over-spend or under-protect.

Your boss (or insurance, of CFO ) needs a budget, spreading cost over a year, or 2..3..4..5.

[Risk management is calculating impact over the rate of occurrence/frequency…]

How to get started

Know the external context

  • International regulations (GDPR, …)
  • National regulations (SOC, …)
  • Sector regulations (PCI-DSS, ..)
  • Contractual obligations
  • Enterprise vs PII/personal data requirements

Know the internal context

  • Know your business (what)
  • Know your organization (organigram)
  • Make an inventory of processes and interfaces
  • Assign business ownership
    • For each process
    • For each asset

Know the processes

  • Know the data flow 
  • Know your sources (IN)
  • Know the data processing
  • Know your receivers (OUT)

Know the data in the processes

  • Categorize your data – data types
    • Enterprise data
    • PII / Personal data (GDPR !)
    • Other ?

Categorization (define data classes)

  • Sensitivity = linked to business impact
  • Ask the owner : “What if data is …”
    • unavailable, 
    • changed,
    • destroyed,
    • leaked,
    • accessed unauthorized, illegally, unlawfully,
    • …
  • Categorize your data sensitivity
    • Enterprise data, for example
    • Unclassified, Official, Restricted, Confidential, Secret, Top Secret (NATO) 
    • Public, Company internal, Confidential, Strictly confidential  
    • TLP RED, TLP Amber, TLB Green, TLP White (public)

Classification (apply the labels)

  • Responsibility of owner
  • Label all data
  • Label containers if you can’t label the data
    • Folder or File share
    • Database
    • mailbox 
    •  …

Mind the lifecycle

  • Get started
  • Keep going
  • Start over again
  • Think about security when
    • creating new processes
    • changing processes
    • removing processes
    • recheck on a regular schedule (even when nothing changes)

Mind the business and legal requirements

  • Accountability & Responsibility 
  • Reporting & audit requirements (SOC I-II, …)
  • Incident management requirements
  • Data breach requirements (GDPR)
  • Subject rights 
  • …

Consequences of data management failure

  • Financial loss
  • Business loss
  • Reputation loss 
  • Contract SLA violation
  • Regulatory violations
  • Fines
  • Prosecution
  • Personal accountability
  • …

Think about

  • Direct and indirect impact
  • Short term and long term impact
  • How long can you survive a total breakdown?

TAKEAWAYS

  • Manage enterprise data like personal data
  • Keep the categories simple (<7)
  • 3 TLP (Red–Amber–Green) + 2 categories (public + highly critical)
  • Define and maintain ownership
  • Involve everyone
  • Evangelize internal & external stakeholders (incl. customers…)
  • Lead by example

Use business best practices

  • Use standards and frameworks
  • ISO (international)
  • NIST (US)
  • ENISA (EU)
  • COBIT (ISACA)
  • …

Classification and labeling

  • Force labeling
  • Aim to classify everything
  • Start with new data first
  • Update labels when you change documents
  • Set a default label for archived data that doesn’t change
  • DO NOT set “public” as default

Think about the support processes

  • Incident management (ISO 27035 & NIST)
  • Data breach management (GDPR & other …)
  • Business continuity (ISO22301)
  • Disaster recovery

Questions

How to identify regulations you should follow?

  • know and analyse the services you’re offering,
  • where is your data stored?
  • what kind of data you have (enterprise data, personal data, financial, …)
  • identify the local, national, regional, international regulations of sector legislations that apply to your business (check partners/competition, sector representatives, …)
  • …

Is there difference in regulation for small or large business?

  • very limited impact of size of company…
  • very likely some impact on financial and tax reporting,
  • some legislation only apply in large scale operations (eg GDPR only requires a DPO for certain type of operations, …)

Best place to start for SME/SMB?

Webinar recording by Hexnode

Hexnode webinar
https://www.hexnode.com/events/webinars/data-compliance-get-it-right-the-first-time/

Presentations

Full color

Black/White print

Note-to-self: PCI-DSS update 4 published

The #pcidss standard has been updated to v4, free to download.

Very handy and useful guidance, linked to #ISO27001, and also useful outside the payment card industry…

Full information page – PCI-DSS Resource hub

https://blog.pcisecuritystandards.org/pci-dss-v4-0-resource-hub

PCI-DSS document library

https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/document_library

Direct download of the #pcidssv4 pdf:

https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/documents/PCI-DSS-v4_0.pdf